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Aswan High Dam 

Aswan High Dam is a rock-fill dam located at the northern border between Egypt and Sudan. 

The dam is fed by the River Nile and the reservoir forms Lake Nasser. 

Construction for the project began in 1960 and was completed in 1968. It was officially inaugurated in 1971. 

The total investment for constructing the dam reached $1bn. 

With a reservoir capacity of 132km³, the Aswan High Dam provides water for around 33,600km of irrigation land. It serves the irrigation needs of both Egypt and Sudan, controls flooding, generates power, and helps in improving navigation across the Nile. 

Egypt and Sudan reached an agreement in 1959 that saw the allocation of 18.5 cubic kilometres of water to Sudan. 

History of the Aswan High Dam 

The Aswan Low Dam was constructed in 1898 under the direction of Sir William Willcocks. The dam was completed in 1902 and was raised twice between 1907 and 1912, followed by a further two between 1929 and 1933 to further alleviate the Nile from flooding. 

However, the Aswan Low Dam was not adequate to control the annual flooding, which gave rise to the idea of constructing a higher dam in 1952, with funding from the World Bank being sought in 1954. 

The US and the UK had previously tried to fund part of the project but it did not materialise. The US withdrew the funding, followed by the UK and the World Bank. The Soviet Union finally provided the required funds in 1958. Construction of Aswan High Dam began in 1960.